The First Department of Thoracic Oncology is a clinical department primarily focused on the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, lung cancer, and mediastinal tumors. The First Department of Thoracic Surgery is at the forefront of esophageal cancer treatment: 1) It is the pioneering unit for "narrow gastric tube" reconstruction of the esophagus after esophagectomy. The "narrow gastric tube" reconstruction is widely recognized as a significant advancement in esophageal surgical techniques. 2) Individualized comprehensive treatment for cervical esophageal cancer (selecting surgery or radiotherapy, and strategies for laryngeal preservation or laryngectomy based on the tumor's varying response to systemic therapy). 3) Combined resection of adjacent organs invaded by esophageal cancer (e.g., one-stage resection and reconstruction of the esophagus combined with the aorta). 4) Salvage esophagectomy after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. The First Department of Thoracic Surgery is at the forefront of lung cancer treatment: 1) Emphasis on surgical resection following induction multidisciplinary therapy for locally advanced lung cancer. 2) Participation in multiple international multicenter clinical trials that have changed NCCN guidelines (CheckMate 816, KEYNOTE 671, NeoADAURA), with research results published multiple times in prestigious journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine. 3) Active promotion of complex lung cancer surgery and robotic lung cancer surgery. The department currently holds the following positions: Chairman unit of the Esophageal Cancer Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Chairman unit of the Lung Tumor Integrated Rehabilitation Professional Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association.