The Department of Orthopedics at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University is a national key discipline, a doctoral degree-granting program, a postdoctoral research station, and a key discipline under the Ministry of Education's "211" Project (Phases I, II, and III). It has received numerous national, provincial, and ministerial awards. The Department of Orthopedics at Zhongshan Hospital has a long history, established in 1937 when the hospital was founded. Over the years, the department has produced many renowned experts. These include Professor Li Hongru, a distinguished orthopedic specialist and educator, a senior figure in orthopedics, one of the founders of the field in China, and a Level II professor at the Ministry of Health; Professor Wu Zuyao, a key contributor to the compilation of the first national unified textbook for medical schools, *Surgery*, the monumental Chinese surgical work *Huang Jiasi Surgery*, and China's first *Orthopedic Surgery* and *Orthopedic Surgery*; Professor Qiu Lin, one of the founders of hospital management science in China; Professor Shi Yifei, a key participant in the reconstruction of the thumb using a free second toe transfer (see *Shanghai Local Chronicles*); Professor Chen Zhongwei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Division of Biology), an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences, one of the founders of microsurgery in China, and known as the "Father of World Microsurgery" for successfully performing the world's first replantation of a severed arm in 1963; and Professor Zhang Guangjian, who began promoting AO technology in the Shanghai region in 1988 and organized the first national AO technology training course in Shanghai in 1993. Today, AO concepts and techniques have become the global standard for internal fixation in orthopedics. The Department of Orthopedics at Zhongshan Hospital has achieved many milestones in its history. In the late 1940s, the hospital began attempts at open reduction and internal fixation of fractures. In 1953, discography was performed. Starting in 1962, experimental research on small vessel surgical techniques was conducted, leading to the innovation of a complete set of surgical instruments for small vessels, including microsurgery, and the comparison of various suturing methods, suture materials, and small vessel transplantation techniques. In 1970, a total metal humeral replacement was completed. That same year, the Shanghai Type II artificial femoral head was designed and promoted, replacing the original Type I. In 1974, the emerging concept of limb preservation was adopted, achieving success in limb reconstruction. In 1976, emergency free flap transplantation with vascular anastomosis was performed, and knee arthroscopy was introduced, contributing to the early development of arthroscopic surgery in the Shanghai region. In 1980, synovectomy or artificial joint replacement was performed for rheumatoid arthritis cases, earning a Ministry of Health Science and Technology Achievement Award. In 1982, under the leadership of Academician Chen Zhongwei, a microsurgery central laboratory was established, where he designed the transfer of iliac bone with a deep circumflex iliac vessel pedicle to treat avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children and adults. In 1996, Academician Chen Zhongwei completed the development of a multi-degree-of-freedom electronic prosthetic hand controlled by fingers reconstructed from the forearm, winning the National Invention Award (First Prize). In 2003, the team led by Academician Chen Zhongwei, in collaboration with East China University of Science and Technology, received the National Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Prize) for the "Development and Application of Self-Setting Calcium Phosphate Artificial Bone." Since the reform and opening-up, the Department of Orthopedics at Zhongshan Hospital has introduced and implemented numerous new technologies and methods. These include total hip arthroplasty, allogeneic knee joint transplantation, minimally invasive percutaneous nucleotomy for lumbar disc herniation, anterolateral approaches for thoracolumbar burst fractures, and the introduction of the Kanada anterolateral spinal fixation device. Additionally, the Tagawa rotational osteotomy method has been used to treat congenital hip dislocation in adults. The department also pioneered synovectomy for rheumatoid arthritis, high-difficulty cervical spine surgeries such as internal fixation for odontoid fractures, and limb-salvage reconstruction after extensive resection of pelvic and bone/joint tumors. It was also among the first to perform surgeries for cranial base deformities and upper cervical spine conditions, as well as surgical treatments for severe spinal deformities. The department has accumulated extensive experience in trauma orthopedics, spinal surgery, joint surgery, and comprehensive surgical treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors. Building on its legacy, the orthopedic team at Zhongshan Hospital possesses strong comprehensive capabilities. Professor Chen Zhengrong has served as Vice Chairman of the Chinese Medical Association's Trauma Society, Chairman of the Shanghai Medical Association's Trauma Committee, and Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the *Chinese Journal of Trauma*. He specializes in joint surgery, spinal surgery, and the diagnosis and treatment of bone tumors. Professor Chen Tongyi has served as Deputy Director of the National Medical Biomaterials Mobilization Center's Academic Committee, a visiting professor at the Ministry of Education's Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials, and a member of the Chinese Medical Association's Microsurgery Society and Vice Chairman of its Shanghai branch. He has significant expertise in spinal surgery, artificial joint replacement, peripheral nerve injuries, limb replantation and free tissue transfer, and the management of complex trauma.