### Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Radiation therapy (abbreviated as: radiotherapy) at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University began in 1947, with a history of 78 years, and was established as an independent department in 1996. At its inception, the department was located in Building 12 of the West Campus, with only a bunker housing 2 linear accelerators. After nearly 30 years of continuous development, the department's space, equipment, and personnel quality have all made significant progress. As of 2024, the Radiotherapy Department at the main campus is equipped with 4 linear accelerators, 3 TomoTherapy units, 1 CyberKnife unit, 1 intraoperative radiotherapy unit, 1 brachytherapy afterloader (to be launched soon), and the auxiliary systems supporting these large radiotherapy machines. The Xiamen Branch has 2 linear accelerators. The Radiotherapy Department has a well-structured, professionally trained, and experienced team of medical and technical personnel. The main campus has 108 regular staff, including 36 physicians, 24 medical physicists, and 48 technologists; the Xiamen Branch has 6 physicians, 3 medical physicists, and 7 technologists. As a university hospital affiliated with a top-tier national university, the Radiotherapy Department of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University places equal emphasis on clinical service, education, and research. It is a National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Department, a master's and doctoral degree training site, and its diagnostic and therapeutic techniques consistently maintain a leading level domestically and internationally. Currently, the department treats over 6,500 cancer patients with radiotherapy annually. **Development History of the Radiotherapy Department, Zhongshan Hospital:** * **1947:** The first deep X-ray machine was used in the Radiology Department, making the hospital one of the earliest in China to use external beam radiotherapy. * **1996:** The department was independently established. Initial equipment included only a 2D linear accelerator (GE-41F) and a Toshiba radiotherapy simulator. Main treatment areas were limited to head and neck tumors and thoracic tumors; radiotherapy for liver cancer was only exploratory. * **2005:** A 3D Conformal Radiotherapy Treatment Planning System (TPS) was introduced, marking the beginning of 3D-CRT. In 2006, a Siemens OncoAvant-Garde high-energy linear accelerator was installed and commissioned, enabling Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), which became widespread by 2009. * **June 6, 2011:** The department began using the world's most advanced Helical TomoTherapy system (TOMO) at that time. A second TOMO unit was added in 2021, and a third in 2025. TOMO offers superior dosimetric distribution and high precision compared to similar radiotherapy equipment, representing a major technological innovation. As of December 2024, Zhongshan Hospital had completed 10,000 TOMO patient treatments. In 2023, 3 new high-end linear accelerators were added, and a CyberKnife unit was commissioned in early 2024. Currently, the Radiotherapy Department is fully equipped, with application technologies reaching leading domestic and international levels, meeting the requirements of modern precision radiotherapy. * **2003:** Zhongshan Hospital merged with the former Shanghai No. 3 Textile Hospital, making it a branch of Zhongshan Hospital. The main campus Radiotherapy Department established a combined lung tumor chemo-radiotherapy ward at this branch. In 2016, the branch was fully integrated into the main campus, merging the radiotherapy departments of both sites, further strengthening the capabilities of the Zhongshan Hospital Radiotherapy Department. In March 2016, an oncology day ward was opened at the main campus with 24 formal beds. By 2024, the radiotherapy ward expanded to 30 beds, meeting the bed requirements for resident physician standardized training. **Specialties of the Radiotherapy Department, Zhongshan Hospital:** * Leveraging the advantages of a large comprehensive hospital, the Radiotherapy Department pursues a path of comprehensive cancer treatment with Zhongshan Hospital characteristics. It collaborates closely with various clinical departments, jointly establishing multiple comprehensive cancer treatment centers and/or Multidisciplinary Teams (MDTs). This allows cancer patients to receive more rational treatment, thereby reducing medical costs and improving treatment outcomes. As part of the Shanghai Key Clinical Discipline Liver Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center, radiotherapy for liver cancer is a key specialty. The department collaborates with the Pulmonary Medicine and Thoracic Surgery departments to form the Lung Tumor Comprehensive Treatment Center. Besides liver and lung cancers, the Radiotherapy Department at Zhongshan Hospital also participates in MDTs for colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, urological tumors (kidney, bladder, prostate cancer), biliary tract tumors, retroperitoneal tumors, brain tumors, and gynecological tumors. **Educational Activities of the Radiotherapy Department, Zhongshan Hospital:** * The Radiotherapy Department of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, is a doctoral program site, master's program site, and post-doctoral research station for Oncology in China. It has trained over 60 postgraduates for the nation. It is also a standardized training base for Radiation Oncology residents. The residents trained here are outstanding and consistently perform excellently in their final examinations. * Aligned with the goals of National Medical Center construction and high-quality development, the department offers advanced training programs for discipline leaders, deepening exchanges and cooperation with medical institutions nationwide, and advancing radiotherapy training education towards higher, finer, and cutting-edge directions. Furthermore, the department collaborates with Huashan Hospital and the Eye & ENT Hospital to run the Fudan University Comprehensive Hospital Radiation Oncology Advanced Training Program. The three hospitals' radiotherapy departments collectively possess 19 high-end radiotherapy devices (11 linear accelerators with image-guided IMRT capability, 3 TomoTherapy units, 3 CyberKnife units, 1 Gamma Knife unit, 1 intraoperative radiotherapy device, and 1 afterloader), along with corresponding CT simulators and cloud-based treatment planning systems. By leveraging comprehensive radiotherapy equipment, full coverage of tumor types treated with radiotherapy, multidisciplinary collaboration, rich teaching experience, and abundant research resources, the joint program recruits radiation oncology trainees for theoretical instruction and clinical practice, comprehensively enhancing the clinical diagnostic and treatment capabilities and professional competence of radiotherapy personnel in comprehensive hospitals. Currently, centered on the National Medical Center construction and high-quality development goals, the department has launched an advanced training program for radiotherapy discipline leaders, aiming to further strengthen exchanges and cooperation with medical institutions across the country and promote the expansion of training education towards higher, finer, and cutting-edge levels. **Research Activities of the Radiotherapy Department, Zhongshan Hospital:** * Building upon Zhongshan Hospital's strengths in liver cancer and thoracic tumors, the Radiotherapy Department is internationally leading in liver cancer radiotherapy. It has published over 200 research papers related to liver cancer radiotherapy, including 120 SCI-indexed papers, and over 20 SCI-indexed papers on lung cancer. The department has received 1 National Science and Technology Progress Award and 4 provincial/ministerial-level Science and Technology Progress Awards. It has been awarded 29 national-level research projects, including 2 Key Projects from the Ministry of Science and Technology and 1 Key Project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Research on radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy, both basic and clinical, is particularly prominent.