**【Historical Evolution】** The Department of Pathology at Zhongshan Hospital has a long-standing history, dating back to the hospital's inception, and shares its origins with the Department of Pathology of the former Shanghai Medical College. Renowned pathology experts from the former Shanghai Medical College/Shanghai Medical University, such as Gu Jingqian and Gu Suiyue, laid a solid foundation for the construction and development of clinical pathology at Zhongshan Hospital and cultivated successive talents. In 1957 and 1973, the hospital successively assigned Professors Chen Changchun and Pan Wensheng from the Department of General Surgery to the Department of Pathology to lead surgical pathology diagnostics. In 1989, to meet research needs, a Pathology Laboratory was established. In the 1990s, driven by the hospital's development requirements, the department was officially established as an independent entity in 1992, and the Pathology Laboratory was renamed the Department of Pathology. In February 2001, to meet the requirements of standardized discipline management, the Exfoliative Cytology Unit was transferred from the Clinical Laboratory back to the Department of Pathology. Under the leadership of successive department directors, including Chen Changchun, Pan Wensheng, and Professor Tan Yunshan, the department gradually grew and developed. The baton has now been passed to Director Hou Yingyong. Through 30 years of solid effort, and with the care and support of successive hospital leaders, the Department of Pathology at Zhongshan has made significant progress. By 2022, it has grown into a pathology department with a considerable scale, integrating medical care, education, and research, staffed by 36 physicians and 39 technicians. The department occupies a total working area of approximately 1,500 square meters, with a rational layout and standardized workflow. With the development of the discipline, it has gradually established four major sections: Histopathology, Immunopathology, Molecular Pathology, and Cytopathology. It also participates in the construction of the Zhongshan Hospital Tissue Bank, collaborates with some branch hospitals of Zhongshan Hospital to form a network pathology collaboration platform, and contributes to the construction of the national remote pathology consultation system. **【Personnel Composition】** The pathology physicians include 11 senior professional titles, including the current department director, Professor Hou Yingyong, deputy directors Professor Ji Yuan and Professor Lu Shaohua. Among them, there are 7 with the title of Chief Physician, 4 with the title of Associate Chief Physician, 3 doctoral supervisors (Hou Yingyong, Chen Gang, Lu Shaohua), and 5 master's supervisors. There are 20 attending physicians and 5 resident physicians. Among them, 20 hold doctoral degrees (55.5%), and 15 hold master's degrees (41.7%). In 2022, 6 individuals are undergoing standardized training at the clinical pathology specialty base within the department, and 31 physicians are undergoing standardized residency training in pathology. In the technical group, there are 3 associate chief technicians, 10 supervising technicians, and 26 technicians, including 3 with doctoral degrees and 14 with master's degrees (those with postgraduate education account for 43.6%). There are approximately 15 other support staff members. **【Routine Work】** The annual volume of external surgical pathology cases at Zhongshan Hospital's Department of Pathology was nearly 20,000 cases at its inception, exceeded 100,000 cases in 2014, and approached 200,000 cases in 2021. Intraoperative frozen section consultations have reached 13,000 cases, rapid pathology consultations over 17,000 cases, and consultation cases approximately 7,000. Immunohistochemistry testing includes nearly 300 items, with an annual completion volume of over 30,000 cases, and special histochemical staining of 25,000 cases. Cytopathology diagnoses exceeded 40,000 cases in 2022. Leveraging the strong clinical discipline platforms of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, the department handles a wide variety of pathology specimens, including those from radical surgeries, surgical or image-guided biopsies, endoscopic biopsies and EMR or ESD, and fine needle aspirations. These cover neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of all systems and organs, with particularly abundant cases in hepatobiliary, cardiothoracic, gastrointestinal, breast, head and neck, urinary and male/female reproductive systems, as well as soft tissue and lymphohematopoietic systems. Transplant pathology (e.g., liver transplantation) is showing rapid growth. Pathologists are proficient in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various benign and malignant lesions in clinical practice. They participate in patient diagnosis and treatment processes through dozens of clinical and pathology multidisciplinary team (MDT) platforms, lead several MDTs, and, grounded in pathology while closely linked to clinical practice, leverage the role of clinical pathology to better serve patients. **【Molecular Pathology】** In the field of molecular pathology, the department started in 2003 with KIT and PDGFRA gene testing for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), winning the First Prize for New Technology and New Projects at Zhongshan Hospital in 2006. After over a decade of equipment and personnel accumulation, a clinical PCR laboratory meeting the "Basic Setting Standards for Clinical Gene Amplification Testing Laboratories" was established in 2014. The department strictly adheres to the work and management standards for clinical gene amplification laboratories, ensuring sufficient evidence-based medical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The Molecular Pathology Laboratory has been consecutively selected as a PQCC Demonstration Laboratory by the Pathology Quality Control Evaluation Center of the National Health and Family Planning Commission for three terms (2015, 2017, 2019). In 2014, it successfully obtained one of the first batch of national pilot qualifications for high-throughput testing in "Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment." Routine work includes numerous molecular pathology testing items related to pathological diagnosis and targeted therapy, such as mutation detection for KIT, PDGFRA, K-ras, N-ras, B-raf, PIK3CA, EGFR genes; IgH and TCR gene rearrangement detection; and CISH or FISH detection for genes including EBER, HER2, SS18, bcl-2, bcl6, c-myc, MALT, EWS, MDM2, CDK4, DDIT3, CCND1, MET, EGFR, Urovysion, PIK3CA, FOXO1, FUS, P53, D13S319, D13S25, RB1, 1q21, ATM, CSP12, ALK, ROS1. The department can perform high-throughput testing for different gene panels. It participates in domestic and international external quality assessment programs and has successfully passed all. **【Teaching Work】** The Department of Pathology became a master's degree training site in 1995 and a doctoral degree training site in 2013. In 2019, it obtained the qualification for a postdoctoral recruitment site in Pathology within the Zhongshan Hospital Clinical Medicine Mobile Station. It became one of the first batch of standardized residency training bases in Shanghai in 2010, one of the first batch of clinical pathology specialty training bases in Shanghai in 2014 (offering General Pathology, Thoracic Pathology, Digestive System Pathology, and Lymphatic System Pathology specialties), a national backbone physician training base in 2018, a Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty and Shanghai Clinical Medical Research Center (joint) in 2019, and was awarded a Key Professional Base for Standardized Residency Training by the Chinese Medical Doctor Association in 2021. Over the years, the department has continuously organized national-level continuing education courses, systematically introducing topics such as fine needle aspiration, intraoperative frozen section consultation [2014-01-04-075 (National)], and the role of the pathology department in multidisciplinary team diagnosis and treatment of diseases [2015-01-04-021 (National)]. The department undertakes clinical pathology teaching for trainees from various sources, including pathology visiting physicians, rotating physicians from various bases, interns from various departments, and the department's own graduate students. This includes approximately 3-6 visiting physicians/year, 6-9 graduate students (including those with four certificates)/year, 9-12 base physicians/year, and nearly 100 rotating physicians. Base physicians are under a mentorship system, with senior physicians providing one-on-one guidance. The base gathers renowned teachers, has strong faculty resources, and a well-established teaching echelon. The department is equipped with advanced instruments and possesses all current new pathology technologies, providing an excellent platform for medical care, education, and research for the training of base residents. Feedback and communication channels for base residents, as well as comprehensive assessment and evaluation systems, have been established to encourage residents to better complete their studies. **【Research and Publications】** The department has received a total of 16 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grants and over 10 projects from the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the Municipal Health Bureau. It has published original articles in prestigious academic journals such as *Nat Med* (IF: 53.44), *Am J Respir Crit Care Med* (IF: 21.4), *Adv Sci* (IF: 16.8), *J Thorac Oncol* (IF: 15.6), *Nat Commun* (IF: 14.9), *Oncogene* (IF: 9.86), *Mod Pathol* (IF: 7.8), *Lab Invest* (IF: 5.662), and *Histopathology* (IF: 5.087) (Note: Journal Impact Factors (IF) refer to information published in 2021, same for other sections). It has also published a series of articles in renowned domestic journals such as the *Chinese Journal of Pathology* and the *Chinese Journal