After more than 70 years of accumulation and leveraging the strong technical platform of the National Respiratory Medicine Center, the Department of Pediatrics has developed into a comprehensive discipline with specialized features including Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Pediatric Respiratory Intervention, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Critical Care, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, and Neonatology. It is characterized by the management of rare and difficult respiratory diseases, with the Pediatric Respiratory Intervention specialty reaching a leading domestic level. The Department of Pediatrics is currently a key supported discipline of Guangdong Province, a key clinical specialty of Guangdong Province, a high-level key clinical specialty of Guangzhou City, and a designated hospital for national leukemia treatment. It has been approved as the "Chinese Medical Doctor Association Pediatric Respiratory Endoscopy Training Base," and the "Comprehensive Interventional Technique for Difficult Pediatric Airways" has been designated as a clinical characteristic technology construction project by the Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission. 1. **Construction of Pediatric Respiratory Specialty** Through nearly a decade of effort, the construction of the Pediatric Respiratory specialty has gradually taken shape, with the expansion of subspecialties such as Pediatric Respiratory Intervention, Chronic Cough, Wheezing Disorders, Immunology and Allergy, and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. (1) **Pediatric Respiratory Intervention Specialty** Relying on the Respiratory Research Institute, the Pediatric Respiratory Endoscopy Intervention technology has established a professional and technically strong bronchoscopy team. In 2014, the Department of Pediatrics was among the first batch of medical institutions in Guangdong Province to obtain qualification for Level 4 pediatric respiratory endoscopy surgeries. In 2017, the Pediatric Respiratory Intervention Ward was officially established. In 2019, it was recognized as one of the 11 national "Chinese Medical Doctor Association Pediatric Respiratory Endoscopy Physician Training Bases." The Pediatric Respiratory specialty was rated as a high-level key clinical specialty in Guangzhou City, and the "Comprehensive Interventional Technique for Difficult Pediatric Airways" was designated as a clinical characteristic technology construction project by the Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission. The comprehensive technical strength of Pediatric Respiratory Intervention has reached a leading domestic level. The age structure of the Pediatric Respiratory Intervention team is well-balanced, with a clear hierarchy of senior, middle-aged, and junior members, meeting the needs for sustainable development of the specialty. The team is strong. The discipline and specialty leader, Professor Chen Dehui, is a doctoral supervisor and currently serves as a member of the National Health Commission's Medical Administration and Medical Affairs Bureau Pediatric Respiratory Endoscopy Expert Group, a member of the Bronchoscopy Collaboration Group of the Respiratory Group of the Chinese Pediatric Society, Vice Chairman of the Guangdong Pediatric Society, Chairman of the Pediatric Respiratory Intervention Committee of the Guangdong Chest Disease Society, Director of the Asian Pediatric Respiratory Intervention Society, member of the Pediatric Endoscopy Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association Pediatric Branch, Deputy Leader of the Pediatric Respiratory Intervention Assistance Group of the Maternal and Child Microsurgery Branch of the China Maternal and Child Health Association, and Vice Chairman of the Pediatric Difficult and Rare Diseases Committee of the Guangdong Pediatric Society. She holds a high academic and social status and actively promotes the development of pediatric teaching, research, and clinical work. Key team members, including Associate Chief Physician Lin Yuneng (promoted to Chief Physician during his Xinjiang assignment), Attending Physician Wu Shangzhi, Attending Physician Xu Jiaxing, and Attending Physician Huang Zhanhang, are skilled in pediatric respiratory endoscopy interventional procedures. The specialty employs comprehensive bronchoscopic interventional diagnosis and treatment for children with severe pneumonia, airway softening, airway foreign bodies, difficult airways, and difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation. Procedures include stent implantation, balloon dilation, cryotherapy, biopsy or removal of airway masses, and airway clearance in critically ill patients. Over 60% of procedures are Level 4 respiratory endoscopy surgeries, demonstrating a high level of treatment capability and earning recognition from domestic peers. Based on the professional pediatric respiratory intervention team, the department has organized multiple national, provincial, and municipal large-scale pediatric respiratory seminars and hands-on bronchoscopy training courses, inviting renowned domestic and international experts for lectures and guidance. A standardized training platform for pediatric bronchoscopy has been established. Key team members have been repeatedly invited to give lectures at national bronchoscopy conferences, emphasizing international technical exchange and cooperation, and have trained a number of physicians in respiratory endoscopy intervention techniques from within and outside the province. The Pediatric Respiratory Intervention technical team possesses advantages in pediatric respiratory technology. Leveraging this strength, the team actively expands respiratory intervention techniques, maintains a leading edge within and outside the province, and drives the development of other respiratory subspecialties. (2) **Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Specialty** Allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma are among the most common diseases in children, with a prevalence of approximately 3.04% for childhood asthma, affecting a large patient population. Relying on the National Key Laboratory of the Respiratory Research Institute, the specialty has significant technical advantages in immunological diagnosis and specific immunotherapy, addressing many difficult and rare immune-related diseases in children, such as cystic fibrosis, hyper-IgE syndrome, IgG4-related syndrome, and Omenn syndrome. The specialty leader is Associate Chief Physician Zhai Yingying, currently an in-service doctoral candidate and master's supervisor. She serves as a member of the Youth Committee of the Guangdong Pediatric Society, a standing committee member of the Pediatric Professional Committee of the Guangdong Medical Education Association, a standing committee member of the Pulmonary Allergy Professional Committee of the Guangdong Chest Disease Society, a member of the Immunology Group of the Guangdong Rare Disease Society, a member of the Pediatric Respiratory Intervention Committee of the Guangdong Chest Disease Society, a standing committee member of the Child Health Professional Committee of the Guangzhou Women Physicians Association, and a reviewer for the *Chinese Journal of General Practice*. She specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic diseases and specific immunotherapy. (3) **Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Specialty** With the development of various pediatric respiratory subspecialties, the Department of Pediatrics established a PICU ward in 2017. Equipped with technologies such as CRRT, mechanical ventilation, non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring, bedside ultrasound, and respiratory function monitoring, the PICU has successfully treated many critically ill children with difficult and severe conditions, earning recognition from pediatric peers for its specialized treatment capabilities. It also manages the perioperative period for children undergoing surgical procedures in our hospital, providing support for the development of pediatric surgery. (4) **Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialty** Febrile diseases and infections are common and frequently occurring conditions in pediatrics. Through years of clinical experience, our department has accumulated extensive expertise in diagnosing and treating various difficult infectious and contagious diseases in children, including multidrug-resistant organism infections. While focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lung diseases and immune-related conditions in children, the Infectious Diseases specialty frequently deals with infectious diseases. Leveraging the advantages of bronchoscopic interventional diagnosis and treatment and the microbiological technology platform of the Respiratory Research Institute, this specialty is one of the key subspecialties under development. 2. **Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Specialty** Leukemia, lymphoma, anemia, and hemophagocytic syndrome are common hematologic/oncologic diseases in pediatrics. The specialty has mature and advanced diagnostic and treatment protocols, achieving a domestic advanced level in the clinical management of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The overall five-year disease-free survival rate for ALL is 82%, with a rate of 94% for low-risk ALL. The overall five-year disease-free survival and event-free survival rates for AML are 77±0.98% and 77±1.22%, respectively, reaching leading domestic and international levels. For high-risk childhood ALL, the three-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates are 71.35% and 70.07%, respectively, achieving a domestic advanced level. The Department of Pediatrics is a standing council member unit of the South China Pediatric Hemophagocytic Syndrome Alliance, continuously improving the diagnostic and treatment capabilities for difficult and critical hematologic diseases in children, earning recognition from peers within and outside the province. The Hematology and Oncology specialty has published over 100 articles, including 5 SCI papers in the past five years. 3. **Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Specialty** With changes in the pediatric disease spectrum and the diagnostic and treatment characteristics of difficult respiratory diseases in children, the number of children with renal and rheumatic immune diseases has significantly increased. The specialty has accumulated comprehensive diagnostic and treatment capabilities for common renal diseases such as primary nephrotic syndrome and renal failure, as well as severe and refractory immune diseases such as renal tubular acidosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal transplantation, systemic lupus erythematosus, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, ANCA-associated vasculitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, hyper-IgM syndrome, and tumor lysis syndrome. New technologies such as biologics and plasma exchange have been introduced, breaking through the diagnostic and treatment bottlenecks for children with refractory renal and rheumatic immune diseases and attracting patients with difficult renal and rheumatic diseases from within and outside the province. The specialty leader, Dr. Cai Yong, is a Chief Physician and master's supervisor with extensive clinical experience in difficult and rare renal and rheumatic immune diseases. The specialty has established a stable diagnostic and treatment team with a reasonable talent hierarchy. The specialty possesses strong research capabilities, having led or participated in over 20 research projects at the provincial and municipal levels and published more than 40 papers. Attending Physician Xu Qingyun is a member of the Rheumatology and Immunology Professional Committee of the Guangdong Medical Education Association and a member of the Rheumatology and Immunology Branch of the Asia-Pacific Medical and Biological Immunology Society. 4. **Neonatology Specialty** The specialty has accumulated mature experience in the diagnosis and treatment of extremely low birth weight infants and critically ill neonates with difficult conditions