The Department of Neurology at Nanfang Hospital was established in 1962, granted the authority to confer master's degrees in 1982, and doctoral degrees in 2000. It is a National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Unit (2021-), the affiliated unit of the Guangdong Provincial Brain Damage Assessment Quality Control Center (2016-), a Guangdong Provincial Translational Medicine Innovation Platform (Neurocritical Care, 2018-), a National Health Commission five-star "Advanced Stroke Center," the host institution of the *International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases*, and a Guangdong Provincial High-Level Clinical Key Specialty (2019-). In the Peking University-based Best Clinical Specialty Ranking, the department ranked ninth nationally in neurology (2015-). Since 2016, it has consistently ranked among the top three in Guangdong Province in the Science and Technology Value Index of Chinese Hospital Neurology, and has been listed in the Fudan University South China Regional Neurology Specialty Reputation Ranking for five consecutive years. The department comprises four inpatient areas: the main campus of Nanfang Hospital, the Baiyun Branch Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, the Zengcheng Branch, and the Taihe Branch. Medical services are centered on the main campus, with unified management and graded diagnosis and treatment. The main campus currently has 72 beds, including 10 in the NCU and 8 in the transitional NCU; the Baiyun Branch has 182 beds, the Zengcheng Branch has 41 beds, and the Taihe Branch has 107 beds. The main campus has a total of 99 staff members, including 33 physicians, 49 nurses, and 17 research and technical personnel. Among them, there are 24 senior professional title holders, 6 doctoral supervisors, 14 master's supervisors, 1 Guangdong Provincial Medical Leading Talent, and 1 Outstanding Young Medical Talent. In the past three years (since 2019), the department has received 10 National Natural Science Foundation of China grants, published 86 SCI papers, including 8 in Zone I journals and 24 with an impact factor above 5, with a single highest impact factor of 23.096. Clinically, the department has developed distinctive medical directions focusing on neurocritical care, complex neurological diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. It demonstrates a high level of diagnosis and treatment in areas such as monitoring and brain protection for comatose patients, myopathy and peripheral neuropathy, neurogenetic disorders, early thrombolysis and interventional therapy for cerebral infarction, minimally invasive treatment for cerebral hemorrhage, disorders of intracranial pressure, encephalopathy secondary to medical diseases, autoimmune encephalitis, intracranial infections, status epilepticus, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.