The Department of Thoracic Surgery at Nanfang Hospital has a long history and strong technical expertise. Through decades of relentless efforts by several generations, it has developed into a clinical department with a well-structured talent echelon and advanced overall strength in medical care, education, and research. It currently has 68 beds. The department performs over 1,000 surgeries annually and handles more than 6,000 outpatient visits, enjoying high recognition in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Southeast Asia. The department boasts a robust technical team, including 10 full professors and associate professors, 3 attending physicians, and 4 resident physicians, all of whom hold master's degrees or higher. The discipline has the authority to confer doctoral and master's degrees, enrolling 4-6 doctoral and master's students each year. In 2006, it became a national clinical training base for resident physicians and specialist physicians, training 30-50 residents and specialists annually. The department primarily focuses on the treatment of esophageal diseases, pulmonary diseases, and mediastinal diseases. In recent years, it has carried out thoracoscopic-assisted treatments for pulmonary bullae, lung tumors, esophageal cancer, and esophageal leiomyoma. It was among the first in China to perform fully thoracoscopic Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum correction. In recent years, the department has received multiple grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Guangdong Natural Science Foundation, Guangdong Key Science and Technology Project, Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project, and Guangdong Provincial Health Department Fund. It has also been awarded the Third Prize of the Military Medical Achievement Award three times.