The Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, is a National Key Clinical Specialty, a project under the National Capacity Improvement Project for Diagnosis and Treatment of Difficult Diseases (Oncology), a nominated specialty in the 2018 China Hospital Specialty Reputation Rankings (Fudan Edition), a selected specialty in the 2017 South China Regional Hospital Specialty Reputation Rankings (Fudan Edition), a Guangdong Provincial Key Clinical Specialty, a Guangdong Provincial Key Discipline (Oncology), a discipline with a Pearl River Scholar position (Oncology), a National Anti-Tumor Drug Clinical Trial Institution (Oncology), a Guangdong Provincial Demonstration Ward for Standardized Cancer Pain Treatment, a Guangdong Provincial Demonstration Ward for Standardized CINV Treatment, a Guangdong Provincial Youth Civilization Unit, a doctoral and master's degree authorization point, and a postdoctoral research station. The Department of Oncology currently has 90 professional and technical personnel, including medical, nursing, and technical staff. Among them, there are 18 senior titles, 20 intermediate titles, 4 doctoral supervisors, 8 master's supervisors, and 1 Pearl River Scholar. The department currently operates over 130 beds and treats more than 9,000 patients annually. Its structure includes outpatient services, three inpatient wards, a minimally invasive treatment room, a specialized laboratory, and a comprehensive treatment room. The department primarily provides chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, ultrasound-guided interventional diagnosis and treatment, endocrine therapy, and international and domestic multi-center clinical research, offering professional, standardized, and individualized diagnosis and treatment services to cancer patients. It also operates the "Nanfang Hospital Oncology WeChat Service Platform," which provides services such as bed reservation and health education. In recent years, the Department of Oncology has focused on clinical problems as research directions, conducting multiple basic and clinical studies on the evaluation and modification of the tumor microenvironment, gradually forming a distinctive academic feature. Major research achievements include: identifying mechanisms of interaction between the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells, discovering several diagnostic and therapeutic targets with application potential; exploring tumor resistance mechanisms and countermeasures from perspectives such as autophagy, DNA damage repair, and metabolism; analyzing immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment-related gene expression based on high-throughput gene sequencing technology; constructing novel immune scoring models and tumor microenvironment scoring models for accurate risk assessment and efficacy prediction in cancer patients; and developing new drug-loaded biomaterials with good translational value. A total of 98 SCI papers have been published, with over 20% in Q1/Q2 SCI journals. The department has received 21 National Natural Science Foundation of China projects, 3 invention patents, and 8 authorized utility model patents.