The Infectious Disease Department of Shanghai Children's Medical Center is one of the six key pediatric clinical centers prioritized for development at the National Children's Medical Center. It focuses on the immunological pathogenesis of recurrent and severe infections. The department specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of complex and critical infections, drug-resistant bacterial infections, immunodeficiency-related infections, and post-transplant infections, accumulating extensive clinical experience and developing a comprehensive diagnostic approach and treatment strategy for standardized and precision management of infectious diseases. Through long-term clinical practice, the Infectious Disease Department has gained rich treatment experience and distinctive features, achieving excellent therapeutic outcomes in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of various complex diseases, earning widespread praise from patients and peers alike. The Infectious Disease team has demonstrated significant advantages in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of complex and severe pediatric infectious diseases, scientific research, translation of research findings, and breakthroughs in key core technologies. The department has established multiple nationally pioneering and internationally advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, and was the first in China to implement a joint ward-round model involving infectious disease specialists, clinical microbiologists, and clinical pharmacists. In 2019, it established a joint laboratory with bioMérieux, a global leader in in vitro diagnostics, which is the company's only overseas industry-academia-research collaboration laboratory. The department has launched a "Vaccination Assessment Clinic," which provides a one-stop diagnostic and treatment service for children, including "vaccination consultation and assessment, vaccination administration, and post-vaccination follow-up." Led by Dr. Cao Qing, Director of the Infectious Disease Department at Shanghai Children's Medical Center, the clinic brings together a multidisciplinary team of experts from infectious diseases, hematology, neonatology, neurology, and respiratory medicine. It offers professional consultation on vaccination-related issues for healthy children, assesses and manages rare adverse reactions following vaccination, provides individualized vaccination plans for children with underlying medical conditions, and systematically evaluates and follows up on vaccination outcomes.