The Department of Pathology at Shanghai Children's Medical Center was established in 2000. It is responsible for clinical pathological diagnosis for children and adolescents aged 0-18, providing support for the selection of optimal clinical treatment plans. The department also undertakes relevant teaching tasks for the School of Medicine at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, as well as multiple research projects focusing on tumor mechanisms and the application of artificial intelligence in pathological image recognition. Over the past two decades, the department has developed a comprehensive pathological diagnostic platform integrating "clinical presentation, histomorphology, special staining/immunohistochemistry, and molecular techniques." The core members of the pathology department have all received professional training at internationally renowned children's hospitals. The department is capable of conducting pathological diagnosis and research in various areas, including histopathology, cytopathology, and molecular pathology. It collaborates with other departments such as Surgery and Oncology to form multidisciplinary MDT clinics or consultations, assisting in the implementation of individualized clinical treatments. In addition to completing clinical pathological diagnoses for the hospital, the department also accepts pathological consultations for difficult cases from across the country, playing an active role in the pathological diagnosis of complex and rare diseases. Shanghai Children's Medical Center is a member of the International Pediatric Pathology Organization (PPS) and maintains long-term cooperative relationships with overseas children's hospitals, including KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore, Children's Hospital Los Angeles affiliated with the University of Southern California, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in the United States, the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, and Boeblingen Hospital in Germany. This has formed an international research and diagnostic collaboration network, enabling the department to stay updated on the latest advancements in pediatric tumor pathological diagnosis worldwide. These advancements are promoted domestically through various means, such as organizing and participating in national pathology seminars and workshops. Commissioned by the Chinese Society of Pathology of the Chinese Medical Association and the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the department has also taken the lead in drafting expert consensus on pathological diagnosis and the pathology sections of national multidisciplinary guidelines for the treatment of pediatric solid tumors.