The Department of Anesthesiology at Shanghai Children's Medical Center was established in 1998, initially affiliated with the Department of Anesthesiology of Xinhua Hospital, and became an independent department in 2007. Since 2009, the department has entered a phase of secondary development and growth, expanding from an initial team of 4 anesthesiologists to its current size of 45 anesthesiologists and 31 anesthesia nurses, including 6 chief physicians, 6 associate chief physicians, and 24 attending physicians. Among them, 11 hold doctoral degrees and 28 hold master's degrees; there are 2 doctoral supervisors and 2 master's supervisors. The department specializes in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, organ transplant anesthesia, spinal surgery anesthesia, and neonatal anesthesia. It routinely performs ultrasound-guided vascular puncture and catheterization, nerve blocks, bedside ultrasound assessment of vital organ function, pediatric one-lung ventilation, autologous blood transfusion, BIS monitoring of anesthesia depth, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, perioperative neuromuscular monitoring, and coagulation function monitoring. The department handles over 30,000 anesthesia cases annually, including more than 3,800 pediatric cardiovascular anesthesia cases, ranking among the largest in the world. The department also undertakes pediatric pain diagnosis and treatment, as well as anesthesia for procedures outside the operating room, including anesthesia for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular interventional treatments, pediatric radiological examinations, and pediatric endoscopic procedures. To date, the department maintains several national leading records: successfully performing congenital heart disease radical surgery under general anesthesia with cardiopulmonary bypass on a severely cyanotic newborn only 2 hours old; providing anesthesia for heart transplantation in a child with fulminant myocarditis; and, through multidisciplinary collaboration, successfully completing separation surgeries on 4 pairs of conjoined twins, with immediate congenital heart disease correction surgery performed on one pair after separation. In recent years, the department has pioneered and implemented the "No-Cry Operating Room" concept in China, significantly enhancing the comfort of pediatric patients' medical experiences and effectively alleviating their fear and anxiety during treatment through a series of humanistic service initiatives, such as sedation for pediatric diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. While undertaking heavy clinical responsibilities, the department actively engages in scientific research, having undertaken multiple projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Health Commission, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission, and the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission. In 2009, with hospital support, the department led the establishment of the Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Research Laboratory, systematically conducting research on the safety of pediatric anesthesia drugs. In recent years, the department has published over 10 papers annually in SCI-indexed journals, including prestigious anesthesia journals such as *Anesthesiology*, *British Journal of Anaesthesia*, *Anesthesia & Analgesia*, *European Journal of Anaesthesiology*, and *Pediatric Anesthesia*. Its research achievements have received multiple honors, including the Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award, the Shanghai Medical Science and Technology Progress Award, and the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award. In terms of education and training, the department was among the first batch of pediatric anesthesia training bases designated by the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology in 2011 and is one of the few units in China qualified to train American pediatric cardiovascular anesthesia fellows. To date, it has trained hundreds of trainees from various provinces and cities across China, Southeast Asia, and the United States. The department also undertakes standardized residency training for tertiary general hospitals and offers a joint pediatric anesthesia training program with Hong Kong Children's Hospital. It regularly hosts national and Shanghai-level continuing medical education courses. The department has edited and authored several professional works, including *Selected Cases in Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Anesthesia*, *Selected Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Anesthesia Cases*, and translated the *Manual of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia*. The department places great emphasis on international exchange and talent development, regularly sending physicians to study at world-class institutions such as Boston Children's Hospital, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, and Hong Kong Children's Hospital, continuously enhancing the department's overall academic level and global perspective. Today, the Department of Anesthesiology at Shanghai Children's Medical Center is characterized by comprehensive anesthesia and monitoring techniques and a strong academic research atmosphere. We will continue to strive to become an outstanding department with a significant presence in the field of pediatric anesthesiology.