The Department of Respiratory Medicine at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital was established in 1995 upon the initiative of renowned respiratory disease expert Professor He Guojun, becoming an independent department separate from the original Pulmonary Medicine Department. In 2018, it was renamed the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. It is currently a National Clinical Key Specialty, a National Demonstration Unit for Standardized Construction of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in Tertiary Hospitals, a Shanghai Top Priority Clinical Key Discipline, and a Shanghai Clinical Key Specialty. In 2018, it ranked fourth nationally in the Chinese Hospital Science and Technology Metrics (Respiratory Medicine), and in 2019, it was nominated in the Fudan Ranking. The Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine comprises three wards, a Respiratory ICU ward, and a Respiratory Disease Laboratory. It currently has 156 open beds, including 28 beds in the Respiratory ICU. It provides over 150,000 outpatient and emergency services annually. The department is the co-lead unit of the National Bronchiectasis Diagnosis and Treatment Research and Collaboration Alliance, the lead unit of the Yangtze River Delta Respiratory Specialty Alliance, a member of the China Rare Disease Alliance, and a member of the National Critical Care Collaboration Group. It has established three clinical research and treatment centers: the Clinical Research Center for Difficult Respiratory Diseases, the Chronic Airway Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, and the Asthma Targeted Therapy Center, as well as specialized clinics for bronchiectasis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary fungal diseases, sleep-disordered breathing, asthma, and desensitization. The department undertakes over twenty national-level projects, including the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Distinguished Young Scholar Program, Major Research Plans, and Key Projects. It has authored or participated in the development of over ten clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines and expert consensus statements. It has received numerous talent programs and awards, including the National Distinguished Young Scholar, Shanghai Leading Talent, Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leader, Pujiang Talent, Shuguang Scholar, Shanghai Young Science and Technology Rising Star, Shanghai Municipal Health System Outstanding Youth, and the "Silver Snake Award." The current department director and academic leader is Professor Xu Jinfu, a National Distinguished Young Scholar and Shanghai Leading Talent. The department has a total of 38 physicians, including 6 senior professors and 11 associate senior professors. Nursing staff: 63 nurses in total, including 8 supervisor nurses, 1 associate chief nurse, 1 with a master's degree, and 36 with bachelor's degrees. The department boasts a wealth of expert resources, including members and standing committee members of the Chinese Medical Association's Respiratory Medicine Branch, deputy chair of the Youth Committee of the Chinese Medical Association's Respiratory Medicine Branch, deputy head of the Interstitial Lung Disease Group of the Chinese Medical Association's Respiratory Medicine Branch, deputy chair of the Youth Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association's Respiratory Medicine Branch, deputy director of the Interstitial Lung Disease Working Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association's Respiratory Medicine Branch, deputy chair of the Shanghai Medical Association's Respiratory Medicine Branch, head of the Interstitial Lung Disease Group of the Shanghai Medical Association's Respiratory Medicine Branch, deputy chair of the Shanghai Medical Association's Chronic Disease Management Branch, vice chair of the Shanghai Medical and Health Youth Federation, and member of the Shanghai Medical Doctor Association's Respiratory Specialty Branch. Editorial roles include Deputy Editor-in-Chief of *Respiratory Research*, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of *Clinical Respiratory Journal*, Editorial Board Member of *Clinical Microbiology and Infection*, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Chinese edition of *Thorax*, and Editorial Board Member or Corresponding Editorial Board Member of Chinese journals such as the *Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases*. The department has long been responsible for respiratory disease teaching at Tongji University, the Internal Medicine Teaching and Research Office of the Pulmonary Clinical Medical College, and undertakes clinical, research, and teaching tasks related to respiratory diseases. The Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine has trained a large number of respiratory medicine trainees from across the country, as well as doctoral and master's students from Tongji University, many of whom have had opportunities for further study abroad. The department annually hosts the Yeyuan Respiratory Summit Forum, the National Advanced Course on Respiratory Tract Infection Diagnosis and Treatment, and the Advanced Course on Difficult Respiratory Diseases, which are highly regarded by peers nationwide. The department has been awarded the title of Advanced Collective, Youth Civilization, Women's Civilization Post, Yangpu District Youth Commando, and Yangpu District Youth Safety Production Demonstration Post for multiple consecutive years. Actively responding to the national call for medical poverty alleviation, the department selects outstanding physicians each year to participate in medical support missions to Tibet and Yunnan. It also actively participates in paired support for Zhejiang Fenghua People's Hospital, Nantong Sixth People's Hospital, and Zhengzhou People's Hospital. Looking to the future, under the leadership of the academic leader, the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital will unite and strive forward, staying true to its original mission, and work diligently to build a world-class respiratory specialty with international recognition, domestic prominence, and a leading position in Asia.