The Department of Thoracic Surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital is currently a National Key Clinical Specialty, a Shanghai Key Discipline, and a Shanghai "Top Priority" Key Discipline. To date, it has performed over 100,000 various thoracic surgeries. As a national training base for pulmonary and thoracic surgery designated by the Ministry of Health, it has ranked among the top three in the "Annual Best Hospital Specialty Reputation Rankings" for General Thoracic Surgery for ten consecutive years. Currently, it has 8 general wards, 2 special-needs wards, and 2 intensive care units, totaling 525 beds, along with 26 high-level thoracic surgery operating rooms equipped with intraoperative CT, intraoperative C-arm, and Da Vinci robots. It serves as the supporting unit for the Shanghai Lung Transplantation Engineering Technology Research Center. In 2021, the surgical volume exceeded 21,000 cases, making it the world's largest general thoracic surgery center in terms of surgical volume, with the highest number of minimally invasive surgeries internationally. There are currently 28 physicians at or above the level of associate chief physician, 15 professors and associate professors, 11 doctoral supervisors, and 12 master's supervisors. The center includes 1 National Advanced Worker in Health and Family Planning, 1 National Hundred-Thousand-Ten Thousand Talent Project member, 2 National Natural Science Foundation Distinguished Young Scholars, 2 recipients of the National Natural Science Foundation Excellent Young Scientist Fund, 1 Chief Scientist of the 973 Program, 1 Young Chief Scientist of the 973 Program, 1 recipient of the Shanghai Medical Development Outstanding Contribution Award, 1 recipient of the Shanghai May Day Labor Medal, 2 Shanghai Leading Talents, 2 Shanghai Medical Leading Talents, 1 recipient of the China Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Outstanding Contribution Award, 2 members of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), and 2 Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS). Professors Ding Jia'an, Jiang Gening, Zhu Yuming, and Chen Chang are renowned thoracic surgery experts both domestically and internationally. The center focuses on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of thoracic tumors, conducting extensive work in lung cancer, surgical treatment of end-stage lung disease, mediastinal tumors, tuberculosis, and tracheal surgery. In recent years, particularly, it has achieved new milestones in comprehensive lung cancer treatment, minimally invasive thoracic surgery, lung transplantation, tracheal surgery, and refractory empyema, establishing a leading position in the field domestically. Clinical innovations (such as uniportal VATS, subxiphoid VATS, tracheal surgery, mediastinal tumors, and chest wall surgery), patent approvals, presentations at international conferences, National Natural Science Foundation grants, clinical research volume, SCI paper volume, foreign physician training, and international surgical broadcasts are all among the top in China. In the "Best Hospital Specialty Reputation Rankings" published by the Fudan University Hospital Management Institute, it ranked among the top three in general thoracic surgery from 2010 to 2021, and second in 2020-2021. In the China Hospital Science and Technology Value Metrics, it has consistently ranked among the top three nationally in recent years, and from 2017 to 2022, it ranked first in thoracic surgery in the National Hospital Internet Influence Rankings. In the field of lung transplantation, which represents the comprehensive technical level of thoracic surgery, the center has performed single lung transplantation, sequential double lung transplantation, living-donor lobar lung transplantation (first in China), lung retransplantation (first in Asia), simultaneous lung transplantation combined with bilateral lung volume reduction surgery (first in China), and the application of ECMO in lung transplantation for critically ill patients. In recent years, clinical achievements have repeatedly won major awards, including the First, Second, and Third Prizes of the Chinese Medical Science and Technology Award, and the First Prize of the Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award. A total of 69 national patents have been obtained, including 11 invention patents and 58 utility model patents. The center was the first worldwide to use autologous pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap transplantation and tracheal segmental resection for long-segment tracheal tumors. It performed the first pedicled myocutaneous flap transplantation in Asia for refractory empyema and bronchopleural fistula. It has the most innovative tracheal surgical techniques in China, pioneering new carinal reconstruction surgeries, performing artificial tracheal replacement, the first autologous bronchial flap repair for tracheoplasty in China, autologous myocutaneous flap repair for tracheal defects, and autologous costal cartilage repair for postoperative defects in long-segment cervical tracheal stenosis. The Department of Thoracic Surgery actively engages in international exchanges and cooperation, frequently presenting at top international conferences, organizing high-level domestic academic meetings, hosting large-scale training courses, and establishing clinical education and training bases. The center has become a training base for thoracic surgery骨干 physicians of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, a recommended unit for "Uniportal VATS Training" by the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons, a preferred training base for uniportal VATS by the Japanese Respiratory Society, a training base for thoracic surgery physicians designated by the Ministry of Health, a clinical training base for Johnson & Johnson and Medtronic in East China, a Shanghai thoracic surgery specialty training base, and a Shanghai resident training base. It has also been certified as a European endoscopic training base. In recent years, over 800 senior physicians from 76 countries and regions have voluntarily applied and paid their own expenses to study in the department. Among them, one-third are society presidents, department directors, or consulting physicians, including two former presidents of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the president of the International Society for Minimally Invasive Surgery, the president of the Russian Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the president of the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the president of the Philippine Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and the editor-in-chief of CTSnet, the world's largest cardiothoracic surgery website. Additionally, the department pioneered all-English shift handovers and ward rounds in China, aligning clinical standards and humanistic care with international practices. It conducts international surgical broadcasts with sub-venues across continents, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, and Mexico, half of which are international conferences and continental thoracic surgery society meetings. Furthermore, the thoracic surgery laboratory is equipped with professional technical researchers capable of conducting gene and protein-level testing to support lung cancer research. The thoracic surgery animal laboratory can perform CV, CL, and SPF-grade animal experiments with professional technical personnel. The lung transplantation laboratory is a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation (Lung Transplantation). The Acupuncture Anesthesia Research Laboratory is a "First-Level Laboratory for Acupuncture Anesthesia Lung Resection Research" designated by the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau.