**Department Overview** The Department of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (FAH-SYSU) was established in 1954. After over half a century of challenges and the relentless efforts of several generations, the department has become a nationally leading clinical and research base for neurology with significant international influence, and is also one of China's premier centers for training high-level neurology professionals. The Department of Neurology at FAH-SYSU is a National Key Discipline and a National Key Clinical Specialty. Its ranking consistently places it among the top six nationally and first in South China on the Chinese Hospital Specialty Rankings. The department will fully leverage its leading role as the National Regional Medical Center for Neurological Diseases and the Guangdong Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Disorders, advancing all subspecialties in parallel to provide higher quality medical services to a broad patient population. **Specialized Medical Services** The Department of Neurology at FAH-SYSU is the most capable consultation and rescue center for complex, severe, and critical neurological diseases in South China. The main campus currently has 117 beds, managing over 200,000 outpatient visits, 10,000 emergency visits, and over 4,500 inpatient admissions annually. All subspecialties are well-established, with close team collaboration and strong technical expertise. The **Cerebrovascular Disease Subspecialty** is currently a Comprehensive Stroke Center of the Chinese Stroke Association and an Advanced Stroke Center of the National Health Commission's Stroke Prevention and Control Committee. The emergency stroke green channel routinely utilizes one-stop CT angiography/perfusion imaging to aid in ultra-acute phase thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy/stenting for cerebral infarction. It also performs interventional recanalization for severe cerebral venous thrombosis and high-risk, complex non-acute intracranial and extracranial arterial occlusions. Advanced techniques such as high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging, TCD cerebral blood flow monitoring, and bubble study are employed to screen for rare causes of stroke. The subspecialty focuses on strengthening the stroke center to further reduce patient mortality, disability, and recurrence rates. Its members have edited or participated in the development of numerous domestic guidelines and expert consensus on cerebrovascular disease diagnosis and treatment, and have led or participated in extensive international and domestic multi-center clinical research. The **Neuromuscular and Genetic Disease Subspecialty** performs genetic testing for diagnosis and genetic counseling for most neuromuscular and genetic disorders, aiming to prevent the birth of affected infants, and actively utilizes emerging therapies for treatment. Monthly neuromuscular疑难病例 discussions are organized to provide a complete diagnostic and treatment service encompassing multidisciplinary collaboration, integrated care, and documented follow-up. For Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a comprehensive treatment combining novel drugs with early exercise, appropriate physical activity, and hydrotherapy is implemented. As one of the first member units of the Chinese Spinal Muscular Atrophy Diagnosis and Treatment Alliance, it conducts research on treatments including nusinersen. The **Neurodegenerative Disease Subspecialty** has consistently adhered to international standardized multidisciplinary Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease, having performed China's first DBS procedure under general anesthesia. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) molecular tracer technology is used for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Collaboration with Canadian universities utilizes wearable devices to assist in the rehabilitation of gait abnormalities. In partnership with the European Huntington's Disease Network, a quantitative analysis system for movement disorder symptoms has been established. The Botulinum Toxin Clinic for Hemifacial Spasm was the first specialized clinic of its kind in South China, having treated over 3,000 patients with more than 35,000 injection sessions to date. The **Neurogenetic and Muscle Disease Subspecialty** provides genetic testing for diagnosis and genetic counseling for most neurogenetic diseases, preventing the birth of affected infants and actively employing novel therapies. Monthly neuromuscular疑难病例 discussions are held, offering a complete service of multidisciplinary collaboration, integrated diagnosis and treatment, and documented follow-up. Comprehensive treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy combines new drugs with early exercise, appropriate physical activity, and hydrotherapy. As a founding member of the Chinese Spinal Muscular Atrophy Diagnosis and Treatment Alliance, it conducts research on therapies including nusinersen. The **Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfection Subspecialty** focuses on precise treatment and standardized process management for severe neuroimmunological diseases. It has refined protocols for ventilator application and weaning management, as well as integrated preoperative and postoperative management and evaluation for thymomatous myasthenia gravis. Research is conducted on immunoadsorption, rituximab therapy, and cytokine storm. A long-term collaborative relationship has been established with the Myasthenia Gravis Treatment Center at Duke University Medical Center, USA. The **Epilepsy Subspecialty** has established a comprehensive framework for epilepsy diagnosis and treatment, offering individualized therapy. Collaborating with departments including Nutrition, Psychology, Obstetrics, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, it provides integrated treatment for epilepsy with comorbid psychiatric conditions, modified Atkins diet therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy, epilepsy functional surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation. **Research and Platform Development** The Department of Neurology at FAH-SYSU focuses its research on the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, and genetic disorders. This drives development in other areas such as epilepsy, neuroimmunology, and rare neurological diseases. The department continuously monitors international cutting-edge research hotspots and difficulties, emphasizing the close integration of clinical and basic research with the fundamental goal of solving clinical problems. From 2016 to 2020, the department undertook over 88 research projects, including 5 National Key R&D Programs and Major Projects, with total research funding exceeding 70 million RMB. It published nearly 380 academic papers, including nearly 200 SCI-indexed research articles. The department has received numerous provincial and ministerial scientific research achievement awards, including a Second Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. As the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, the South China International Cooperation Base for Early Intervention and Functional Repair of Neurological Diseases, and the Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Nervous System Diseases, the department possesses platforms for model biology, neurophotonics imaging experiments, and a genetic resource platform for neuromuscular diseases. It can conduct experimental research on various disease models ranging from cells to non-human primates, providing a high-level platform for basic research. The department currently has 26 senior full professors and 23 associate senior professors, including one "National Health Commission Young and Middle-aged Expert with Outstanding Contributions", one Guangdong Province "Pearl River Scholar Distinguished Professor", two Guangdong Provincial training targets for the "Thousand-Hundred-Ten Project", one Ministry of Education "New Century Excellent Talent", one "Sun Yat-sen University Hundred Talents Program Introduced Talent", one Guangdong Province Medical Leading Talent, one Guangdong Province Outstanding Young Medical Talent, and one Guangzhou "Pearl River Science and Technology Rising Star". This has formed a high-level academic team led by young and middle-aged academic骨干. **Education and Academic Exchange** The Department of Neurology at FAH-SYSU is one of the earliest institutions in China authorized to confer doctoral and master's degrees in neurology and to host a post-doctoral research station. It currently has over 15 doctoral supervisors and 20 master's supervisors. The department undertakes teaching responsibilities for the eight-year medical program, undergraduates, postgraduates, visiting physicians, and resident physicians at Sun Yat-sen University, supplying a large number of specialized professionals nationwide. For over 20 consecutive years, the department has organized the national continuing education program "Zhongshan International Summit Forum on Neurology" and other provincial/ministerial continuing education projects. It also hosts the nationally influential core journal *Chinese Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases*. **Conclusion** The Department of Neurology at FAH-SYSU will carry forward its legacy, inheriting the fine traditions of its senior experts while unleashing the talent and passion of its younger scholars. Adhering to a clinical-need-oriented approach, it will drive the coordinated development of all subspecialties through innovation, continuously expand its academic influence, and provide high-quality, efficient diagnostic and treatment services to an even broader patient population.