**Department Overview:** This specialty is one of the earliest established neonatal specialties among major general hospitals in Guangdong Province and treats one of the highest numbers of patients. Its ward facilities and medical technology have reached an advanced domestic level. It began recruiting master's degree students in 1983. It is one of the editorial units for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th editions of *Practical Neonatology* and participated in the development of the "Chinese Neonatal Nutrition Support Guidelines." Currently, it is an independent tertiary subspecialty under the management structure of the General Pediatrics Department. It has 10 fixed attending physicians and 33 nurses. Among the physicians, there is 1 senior professor, 6 associate senior professors, 2 intermediate-level doctors, and 1 junior doctor; 4 hold doctoral degrees, 3 hold master's degrees, and there are 7 master's supervisors. **Clinical Work:** This neonatal specialty is a key clinical specialty in Guangdong Province. It has achieved advanced domestic and international levels in areas such as the monitoring and rescue of extremely low birth weight infants/critically ill neonates, intrauterine and exchange transfusion for severe jaundice and sepsis, prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity and chronic lung disease, neonatal nutritional support therapy, follow-up of physical and intellectual development in high-risk infants, and neuro-motor behavioral assessment. Based on its own service characteristics and regional features, the department has established its key development directions: continuously improving the survival rate and quality of life of premature infants, and collaborating with Obstetrics and other multidisciplinary teams for the perinatal comprehensive management and treatment of certain birth defects. This includes comprehensive pre- and post-operative management of prenatally diagnosed conditions such as Rh hemolytic disease, congenital malformations, cleft lip, gastrointestinal malformations, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, giant omphalocele, congenital heart disease, and lymphangioma, to improve treatment success rates. For patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the department has pioneered the Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment (EXIT) procedure. **Scientific Research:** * Prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury * Research on nutrition, metabolism, and growth/development in premature infants * Targeted surveillance, prevention, and treatment of neonatal nosocomial infections * Study of growth patterns and growth hormone resistance mechanisms in small for gestational age (SGA) infants without catch-up growth **Personnel Training:** The department has trained 30 master's degree graduates, with 4 currently enrolled. It also participates in the training of over ten doctoral students within the department. Additionally, it accepts rotating training for neonatal specialty physicians and physicians from the Pediatric Residency Training Base. **Department Director:** Li Xiaoyu, Associate Professor, Doctor of Medicine, Master's Supervisor. Standing Committee Member of the Neonatology Branch of Guangdong Medical Association; Secretary of the Neonatology Group, Pediatrics Branch, Guangdong Medical Association; Member of the 5th Committee of the Perinatal Medicine Branch, Guangdong Medical Association; Member of the Respiratory Group, Perinatal Medicine Branch, Guangdong Medical Association; Member of the Guangdong Physician Association. Outstanding Instructor for the Special Prize in the National Finals of the Clinical Skills Competition for Medical College Students. **Deputy Department Director:** Chen Weiqi, Associate Professor, Master's Supervisor. Has been engaged in pediatric clinical work for over thirty years. Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal diseases, with extensive clinical experience in neonatal jaundice, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, premature infant care, neonatal respiratory rescue, and critical neonatal intensive care. Also has in-depth research and practical experience in developmental assessment and early intervention for high-risk infants, as well as rare genetic metabolic diseases. **Associate Senior Staff:** Shen Zhenyu, Liu Meina, Yu Muxue, Huang Yuefang, Li Yijuan, Li Xiaoyu