I. Introduction to the Department of Anesthesiology: The Department of Anesthesiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (FAH-SYSU) was established in 1958 and developed into a clinical anesthesiology discipline in 1985. Previous directors include Wu Shouren, Zhou Shufen, Zhang Shangli, Chen Bingxue, and Huang Wenqi. The Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU has evolved from a single clinical anesthesia field into a comprehensive secondary clinical discipline encompassing multiple sub-specialties. To date, the Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU has become one of the most technically robust anesthesiology disciplines in Guangdong Province and several provinces in southern China. It enjoys high recognition in Hong Kong, Macau, and Southeast Asia. Currently, the Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU has 42 staff members, including 2 professors and 5 associate professors. 85% of anesthesiologists have obtained or are pursuing master's or doctoral degrees. Among them, several doctors have studied abroad in the United States, Europe, and Japan, and some scholars are still pursuing studies overseas. The current deputy directors of the Department of Anesthesiology are Xiao Liangcan and Wu Changbin. II. Organizational Structure of the Department of Anesthesiology: The Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU comprises the following sub-specialties: 1. Clinical Anesthesia (established in 1958) 2. Pain Treatment Clinic and Pain Group (established in 1989) 3. Intensive Care Unit (established in 1992, transferred to the Department of Surgery in 1997) 4. Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (established in 1998) 5. Extracorporeal Circulation Group (established in 1975) III. Current Status of the Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU: 1. It is the most technically robust anesthesiology department among hospitals in Guangdong Province. 2. In 1994, it was designated by the Ministry of Health as a national training base for clinical anesthesia and intensive care monitoring and treatment. A national continuing education program is held annually. 3. It currently has five visiting professors from different countries or regions (USA, Finland, Japan, Hong Kong). 4. Many scholars and professors from various countries visit the department for observation and academic exchange each year. IV. Clinical Medical Work Features of the Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU: 1. Over 1,000 cases of various clinical anesthesia procedures are performed monthly, with general anesthesia and regional anesthesia each accounting for 50%. 2. Anesthesia techniques for liver and kidney transplantation; anesthesia for complex congenital heart disease; anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting; anesthesia for pheochromocytoma surgery; anesthesia for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery; and anesthesia for various surgeries in neonates and infants have reached leading domestic levels or partially advanced international levels. 3. Over 3,000 postoperative patients receive patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) treatment annually, which has been widely praised by society. 4. It is the first large-scale general hospital in Guangdong Province to comprehensively implement painless childbirth and painless abortion techniques, achieving significant social benefits. 5. The Extracorporeal Circulation Group of the Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU possesses strong technical expertise. Dr. Huang Weiming is a member of the Extracorporeal Circulation Group of the Chinese Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, and the head of the Guangdong Extracorporeal Circulation Group. Various extracorporeal circulation techniques, as well as ECMO, left heart bypass, and left ventricular assist circulation techniques, have been developed. Techniques such as infant extracorporeal circulation (body weight < 4 kg), mixed oxygenated blood cardiac perfusion, and veno-venous bypass for liver transplantation have reached advanced international levels. The Pain Clinic of the Department of Anesthesiology treats approximately 5,000 patients with various acute and chronic pain conditions annually, with professor-level outpatient services available weekly. V. Equipment Status of the Department of Anesthesiology of FAH-SYSU: 1. 34 modern anesthesia machines (OHMEDA, SIEMENS, Drager, Royal). 2. 48 multi-functional physiological monitors (primarily HEWLETT PACKARD). 3. 4 American Stöckert Sarns 9000 series heart-lung machines and centrifugal pumps. 4. 4 American Bird and European Engström ventilators. 5. 1 American Medtronic blood salvage machine. 6. 3 sets of fiberoptic bronchoscopes. 7. 25 various types of micro-infusion or rapid infusion/injection pumps. 8. 8 anesthesia gas and respiratory function monitors. 9. A set of basic research equipment: Thromboelastography (TEG), Auditory Evoked Potential Monitor (AEP), Gastric Mucosal pH Monitor (Phi). Senior Professional Staff: Huang Wenqi, Xiao Liangcan, Xu Kangqing, Sun Laibao, Feng Xia, Huang Xiongqing, Liu Kexuan Associate Senior Professional Staff: Xia Jiehua, Yuan Baolong, Mo Liqiu, Lin Shiqing, Fang Jieyu, Xiao Ying, Jiang Nan, Wang Zhongxing, An Ke, Zhang Jinjun, Li Cai, Zhang Xuyu, Chen Yu, Zhang Hui