The Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, established in 2016, is an open research department dedicated to the genomics, molecular biology, and clinical translation of gastrointestinal tumors. The laboratory is led by Academician Zhan Qimin, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. The team currently comprises 11 staff members, including 2 senior-level researchers, 4 associate senior-level researchers, 3 intermediate-level researchers, and 2 junior-level researchers. **Research Directions of the Team** The team is committed to research in tumor molecular biology and translational medicine, achieving original and systematic results in the study of cell cycle regulation, genomic stability, and mechanisms of cell carcinogenesis. They were the first internationally to discover and systematically elucidate the roles and mechanisms of key proteins in cell cycle checkpoints, clarifying the functions of several important cell cycle regulatory proteins in cell carcinogenesis, tumor diagnosis, and personalized therapy. From the perspectives of genomics and the microenvironment, they have comprehensively and systematically revealed the genetic variation characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. They have elucidated the molecular features and biological mechanisms of precancerous lesions and the tumor microenvironment, providing an important foundation for identifying molecular markers for the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Focusing on the scientific issue of tumor-host interaction, they emphasize research on cachexia, a typical disease causing pan-tissue damage that affects 50–80% of tumor patients. By comprehensively applying multi-omics analysis techniques and molecular biology methods, they systematically clarify the key tumor-derived molecules and their mechanisms leading to tissue damage in cachexia, providing theoretical foundations and experimental evidence for new treatment strategies for cachexia.