The Department of Pathology at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, affiliated with Tongji University, was established in 1965. Through the relentless efforts of several generations of pathologists, it has developed into a specialized diagnostic discipline for thoracic and pulmonary diseases, integrating medical care, education, and research. It ranks among the top in China in the diagnosis of lung cancer, granulomatous diseases, pulmonary cytology, and molecular pathology. In particular, it has extensive clinical experience in the comprehensive pathological diagnosis of minimally invasive specimens. In 2013, it became one of the first standardized training teaching bases for thoracic disease specialists in Shanghai. The Molecular Pathology Laboratory was among the first to be accredited by the Shanghai Clinical Laboratory Center and was recognized as a demonstration laboratory by the National Pathology Quality Control Evaluation Center (PQCC) of the National Health Commission. Currently, the department has developed four subspecialty directions characterized by lung cancer/thymoma, cytopathology, molecular pathology, and non-neoplastic diseases, establishing a comprehensive pathological diagnosis platform integrating "morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology." The department currently has 40 staff members, including 6 with senior professional titles, 15 with intermediate professional titles, 1 doctoral supervisor, and 1 master's supervisor. The department is people-oriented, promoting disciplinary development through talent cultivation. It has consecutively hosted 14 national-level continuing medical education programs. It won the third prize, the Top Ten Team Award, and the Outstanding Organization Award in the first National Pathology Popular Science Creation Competition; the first prize in the Shanghai Medical Specialty Popular Science Capability Competition; the national championship in the National PD-L1 Interpretation Competition; the first prize in the Shanghai Pathology Society Quality Control Immunohistochemistry Competition; and the second prize in the Special Staining Competition. In 2021, it was awarded the Shanghai "Women's Civilized Post." In the 2021 Shanghai Specialist Standardized Training Evaluation, it ranked second among specialized hospitals. As a major contributor, it received the second prize of the Ministry of Education's Science and Technology Progress Award; the first prize of the Fifth Shanghai Anti-Cancer Science and Technology Award; and the second prize of the Shanghai Medical Science and Technology Award. Team members hold positions in multiple national professional academic committees. They have participated in the formulation of several expert consensus documents on lung cancer molecular and tuberculosis pathological diagnosis. As the principal investigator (PI) unit, the department has led nearly 10 clinical trials. It has presided over nearly 20 research projects at the bureau level or above, including 3 projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and 9 provincial/ministerial-level projects. More than 100 academic papers have been published in domestic and international professional journals, including over 50 SCI papers (6 with an impact factor >10), such as those in *Journal of Thoracic Oncology*, *Journal of Hematology & Oncology*, *Modern Pathology*, and *The American Journal of Surgical Pathology*. The department has edited 1 monograph and co-edited 12 others. Staff members have been selected for the China Scholarship Council's government-sponsored visiting scholar program, the Shanghai Yangfan Plan, the Tongji University Young Talent Program, and various talent programs of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital.