The Department of Anesthesiology is one of the first standardized training bases for anesthesiology residents in Shanghai, a standardized training base for anesthesiology specialists in Shanghai, one of the first Ministry of Health Comfortable Medical Care bases, and is affiliated with the Acupuncture Anesthesia Research Laboratory of the Pulmonary Hospital. As the largest pulmonary hospital, the department has a distinct specialty in pulmonary diseases, excelling particularly in anesthesia for various thoracic surgeries, difficult airway management, and pulmonary interventional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It possesses unique expertise in anesthesia for lung transplantation, severe pulmonary insufficiency, lung volume reduction surgery, complex and difficult tracheal surgeries, tracheal carina resection and reconstruction, massive mediastinal tumors with superior vena cava syndrome, and borderline diseases such as superior vena cava and innominate vein resection and reconstruction. The department performs 20,000 cases of thoracic surgery anesthesia annually, with related procedure volumes ranking among the highest globally. The Endoscopy Department also handles nearly 20,000 cases of bronchoscopic interventional diagnostics and treatments per year. The Department of Anesthesiology was among the first in China to implement and promote painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination and treatment techniques on a large scale, accumulating extensive experience in airway stent placement under general anesthesia, bronchoscopy examination, and treatment. It actively promotes painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy technology and hosts the national continuing medical education program "New Advances in Painless Bronchoscopy Examination and Treatment Techniques" annually, exerting significant influence in the field. The Department of Anesthesiology is fully staffed, currently comprising 31 anesthesiologists, including 7 with senior professional titles, 2 postdoctoral fellows, 10 with doctoral degrees, 19 with master's degrees, and 6 recipients of talent programs such as the Shanghai Pujiang Talent, Health Commission "Medical New Star" Outstanding Young Medical Talent, Outstanding Young Physician, and China Association for Science and Technology Young Talent Support Program. The anesthesia nursing team consists of 11 members, and the operating room nursing team has 68 members. The discipline leader and key departmental members currently hold over 30 academic positions, including Executive Director of the Chinese Society of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesiology, Vice Chair of the Thoracic Surgery Branch and Translational Medicine Branch, Standing Committee Member and Deputy Secretary-General of the Anesthesia and Brain Function Branch of the Chinese Neuroscience Society, Standing Committee Member of the Anesthesia Professional Committee of the China Medical Education Association, Vice Chair of the Anesthesia Professional Committee of the China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology, Member of the Thoracic Surgery Branch of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology, Member of the Anesthesia Professional Committee of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, Member of the Anesthesia Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association, Chair of the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Group of the Shanghai Medical Association Anesthesiology Branch, Member of the Shanghai Medical Association Anesthesiology Branch, Member of the Shanghai Medical Doctor Association Anesthesiologist Branch, Standing Committee Member of the Pain and Anesthesia Professional Committee of the Shanghai Association of Integrative Medicine, Member of the International Airway Society, and Corresponding Editor and Reviewer for over 10 domestic and international core journals, including the Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology, Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology, and SCI-indexed journals, as well as Reviewer for the First and Sixth Divisions of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The department hosts or co-hosts over 10 international and domestic academic conferences and continuing education programs annually, maintaining significant influence in the field. In recent years, the discipline leader and key members have secured 7 National Natural Science Foundation of China grants and over 20 projects from the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center, and Shanghai Health Commission, with total research funding exceeding 5 million RMB. The department's main research directions include: anesthesia management for thoracic surgery, enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery, anesthesia for lung transplantation, anesthesia management for painless bronchoscopy, mechanisms and prevention of acute lung injury, and perioperative lung protection. In recent years, the department has published over 100 papers, including more than 60 in SCI-indexed journals, and has been granted over 40 national invention patents and utility model patents. As a teaching hospital affiliated with Tongji University, the Department of Anesthesiology's teaching team currently includes 3 full professors and associate professors, 10 lecturers, 2 doctoral supervisors, and 3 master's supervisors, recruiting 3-6 postdoctoral fellows, doctoral, and master's students annually. There are over 10 postdoctoral fellows, doctoral, and master's students currently in the program. In the past three years, the department has guided over 10 students to receive honors such as the China Association for Science and Technology Young Talent Support Program, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, National Scholarship for Graduate Students, Outstanding Graduate Awards, and Outstanding Doctoral and Master's Theses. The department undertakes teaching responsibilities including specialist training, standardized residency training, Tongji University graduate courses, problem-based learning courses, undergraduate internships, and training for visiting scholars. Leveraging the first-class hospital platform, the department strives to become a leading anesthesiology discipline with distinct pulmonary specialty characteristics, advanced technology, and international influence.