The Department of Anesthesiology at Renji Hospital is a Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Anesthesiology, a Shanghai Municipal Clinical Key Specialty, the Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Perioperative Organ Support and Function Protection, and a National Key Training Base for Anesthesiology Resident Standardized Training. It currently serves as the chair institution of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology, Chinese Medical Association. According to the latest anesthesiology discipline ranking released by the Institute of Hospital Management, Fudan University, the department ranks 4th nationwide and 1st in East China. The department currently has 8 doctoral supervisors and 6 master's supervisors. It has trained one Chief Scientist of the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, one recipient of the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars, and one Young Top-notch Talent of the Ministry of Science and Technology. Seven members of the department have received the Shanghai Rising-Star Program from the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission. In 2023, the anesthesia surgical volume exceeded 210,000 cases. The annual total surgical volume has ranked 1st in Shanghai for multiple consecutive years, with the anesthesia volume for Grade III and IV major surgeries ranking among the top. Each year, more than 600 cases of adult and pediatric liver transplantation and over 400 cases of kidney transplantation are completed. As the world's largest transplantation center, the department has led and participated in the formulation and publication of multiple clinical guidelines related to liver transplantation anesthesia. The proportion of day surgery exceeds 45%, ranking 1st nationwide, and the Renji day surgery anesthesia model has become a national standard. The department undertakes the anesthesia and emergency care for more than half of Shanghai's critically ill parturients and all parturients with concurrent heart disease. The Department of Anesthesiology at Renji Hospital has long served as the chair department of the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The department has long undertaken theoretical teaching, clinical observation, and internship supervision for anesthesiology students from the Department of Clinical Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, as well as from sister institutions including Xuzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wannan Medical College, and Bengbu Medical College. It is one of Shanghai's first standardized training bases for anesthesiology residents and an anesthesiology specialist training base. Since 2020, it has been designated as a National Key Training Base for Resident Standardized Training. The course "Critical Care Medicine" has been recognized as a Shanghai Municipal Excellent Course; the all-English course "Anesthesiology" has been recognized as a Shanghai Municipal Key Course and a Shanghai Jiao Tong University First-Class Undergraduate Course. The Department of Anesthesiology has long been dedicated to basic and clinical research on the pathogenesis of chronic pain and perioperative protection of vital organs including the liver, brain, and lungs in elderly patients. Over the past 7 years, it has received a total of 66 grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Over the past 5 years, it has published more than 150 SCI papers in journals including the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Cancer Communications, Cell Research, Science Translational Medicine, and Nature Communications, among which 21 are Q1 papers with an impact factor above 10. In 2020, the research project "Establishment of a Guarantee System and Key Technologies for Improving the Quality of Perioperative Care for Patients with Liver Disease" received the First Prize for Science and Technology Progress from the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.