The Department of Liver Surgery at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine is a National Key Clinical Specialty, a Shanghai Priority Clinical Medical Center, a Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, the Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Transplantation and Immunology, the Shanghai Institute of Organ Transplantation, and the Shanghai Liver Transplantation Quality Control Center. It is the only National Organ Transplantation Physician Training Base in Shanghai and the largest liver transplantation center in the world. The discipline features adult and pediatric liver transplantation, with pediatric liver transplantation as its signature technique, and has become a clinical medical center integrating surgery, minimally invasive treatment, targeted therapy, and other comprehensive treatment approaches for end-stage liver disease and liver cancer. In 2017 and 2018, the number of liver transplantations exceeded 800 for two consecutive years, setting a single-center world record. In 2006, the department established China's first specialized pediatric liver transplantation team composed of transplant surgeons, pediatric physicians and surgeons, pediatric anesthesiologists, and intensive care specialists. By 2023, more than 3,000 pediatric liver transplantations had been completed, with the annual volume of single-center liver transplantations ranking first in the world for 10 consecutive years, and 1-year and 5-year post-transplant survival rates leading globally. The discipline has led and undertaken more than 120 provincial and ministerial-level or higher projects, including National Key R&D Program projects, Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Key Special Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and National Natural Science Foundation of China projects, with research funding exceeding 100 million yuan. It has published more than 270 SCI papers in internationally authoritative journals such as Cell, Gut, Gastroenterology, and J Hepatology, with the highest single-article impact factor being 64.5. The discipline led the establishment of China's first professional committee for pediatric organ transplantation, led the formulation of the first "Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Pediatric Liver Transplantation in China," and has received the Second Prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, the First Prize of the Science and Technology Progress Award of the Ministry of Education, the First Prize of the Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award, the First Prize of the Huaxia Medical Science and Technology Award, and the First Prize of the Shanghai Medical Science and Technology Award.